Vol. VIII--RO Troubleshooting
Contents
Confirming a Problem
Approaching an RO Problem
Inlet Water Evaluation
SDI for Troubleshooting
Isolating a Rejection Decline
Using Individual Ion Rejections
Lead End Rejection Decline
Tail End Salt Rejection Decline
Isolated Salt Rejection Decline
Uniform Salt Rejection Decline
Draining During Shutdowns
Unusual Salt Rejection Pattern
Effect of Fouling/Scale on Rejection
Troubleshooting Fouling
Isolating a Change in NPD/NPF
Lead-End Fouling
Tail-End Fouling/Scale Formation
Other Reasons for a Loss in NPF
Nature of Biological Fouling
Isolating a Biological Problem
Characterizing a Microbial Problem
Upstream Biological Activity
Controlling Anaerobic Bacteria
Cleaning & Sanitizing Biological Foulants
Continuous Biocides & Shock Treatments
On-Site Analytical Methods
Off-Site Tools
